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Evaluate the Effectiveness of
Interleukin-6 and Interferon-£^ as Vaccine Additive
in Epinephelus coioides
Yu-Ling Liu1, Hsin-Hung Chen1, Wan-Ching
Kuo1*, Han-You Lin1,2* *
1Institute of
Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,
2Department of
Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Epinephelus coioides is an economically important farmed
fish in Asia. In the recent year, high density aquaculture has increased the
incidence of diseases hence vaccine with higher efficiency is required to
prevent disease outbreak. Although vaccine application in grouper is vastly
studied, little is known about grouper specific immune responses. Theoretically,
an ideal immune protection was mainly contributed by specific cytotoxicity or
antibody. For example, more specific antibody is required to neutralize soluble
antigen or toxin; and stronger specific cytotoxicity is needed to eliminate
virus or intracellular pathogens. The direction of specific immunity is
controlled by the specific cytokines such as interleukin-6 and interferon-£^. Therefore, the
additive of specific cytokines in vaccine might help to induce an optimized
specific immune reaction and enhance the efficacy of vaccine. To prove this
hypothesis, grouper TH1 and TH2 differentiation cytokine,
interferon-£^ and interleukin-6, were selected as vaccine
additive candidates and ELISA and flow cytometry assay were employed to
evaluate the effectiveness of specific antibody secretion and T lymphocyte
proliferation triggered by these cytokines. Results showed that in groupers, interleukin-6 activates specific
antibody production and helper T cell proliferation whereas interferon-£^ induces cytotoxic T cell proliferation. It suggested that interleukin-6
and interferon-£^ successfully alter the direction of specific
immunity. Furthermore, in the challenge trial, an increased survival rate was
observed in the groupers under the treatment of vaccine combined with cytokine
additives. These results indicated that the direction of immune response can be
controlled by the additive of different cytokines and these cytokine additives
can further increase the efficacy of fish vaccine.
Keywords: Epinephelus coioides,
vaccine, cytokine